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Gameplay A world map screenshot from the Amiga version of CivilizationĬivilization is a turn-based single-player strategy game. Civilization was followed by several sequels starting with Civilization II, with similar or modified scenarios.

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A multiplayer remake, Sid Meier's CivNet, was released for the PC in 1995. In addition to its commercial and critical success, the game has been deemed pedagogically valuable due to its presentation of historical relationships.

Civilization has sold 1.5 million copies since its release and is considered one of the most influential computer games in history due to its establishment of the 4X genre. The player's civilization is in competition with other computer-controlled civilizations, with which the player can enter diplomatic relationships that can either end in alliances or lead to war.Ĭivilization was designed by Sid Meier and Bruce Shelley following the successes of Silent Service, Sid Meier's Pirates! and Railroad Tycoon. The player can also make such decisions as setting forms of government, tax rates and research priorities. The player can control individual units and advance the exploration, conquest and settlement of the game's world. The player is tasked with leading an entire human civilization over the course of several millennia by controlling various areas such as urban development, exploration, government, trade, research, and military. The game was originally developed for MS-DOS running on a PC, and it has undergone numerous revisions for various platforms. Robertson, D.S., Feedback Theory and Darwinian Evolution, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 152/4, 469-484, 1991.Sid Meier's Civilization is a 1991 turn-based strategy 4X video game developed and published by MicroProse.Robertson, D.S., Is Darwinian Evolution a Mathematically Stable Process?, Evolutionary Theory, 10 (5), 261-272, 1994.Theoretical Considerations, Complexity, 2, #1, 10-14, 1996. Grant, Feedback and Chaos in Darwinian Evolution: I. Grant, Feedback and Chaos in Darwinian Evolution: II. Robertson, D.S., Treating Absolute Gravity Data as a Spacecraft Tracking Problem, Metrologia, 33, 545-548, 1996.

Robertson, D.S., The New Renaissance: Computers and the Next Level of Civilization, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1998.Faller, A Free-Fall Determination of the Newtonian Constant of Gravity, Science, 282, 2230-2234, 1998.

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Robertson, D.S., Algorithmic Information Theory, Free Will and the Turing Test, Complexity, 4, no.Robertson, D.S., Goedel's Theorem, The Theory of Everything, and the Future of Science and Mathematics, Complexity, 5, no.

Robertson, D.S., Phase Change: The Computer Revolution in Science and Mathematics, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 2003.Lillegraven, Survival in the First Hours of the Cenozoic, Geol. Robertson, Studying the Earth by Very Long Baseline Interferometry, Scientific American, 255, no. Dillinger, A New Measurement of Solar Gravitational Deflection of Radio Signals Using VLBI, Nature, 349, 768-770, 1991.Ĭarter, W.E. Investigation of extinction patterns resulting from the asteroid impact at the K-T boundary numerical modeling of the effects of chaos in Darwinian selection exploring the impact of information explosions on the development of science and civilization. Philosophy of Science Webpage Research InterestsĮvolution theory and mass extinctions, feedback and chaos in Darwinian natural selection, information theory and the philosophy of science. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1975

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